Achalasia is a disease of oesophageal motility in which the lower end of the food pipe's muscles do not relax to permit food to enter into the stomach. Achalasia Cardiac symptoms include trouble swallowing, spitting up of food and liquid, especially at night, and occasionally chest pain when eating. In order to treat achalasia, a small hole is made in the wall of the food pipe (esophagus), followed by a narrow tunnel, until the lower end muscle is visible and can be seen and cut. This procedure is known as a peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). The same muscles are sliced with the endoscope as in open surgery, but with POEM, the cuts are exact and there are no visible scars in the chest or abdomen. Achalasia is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by difficulties swallowing, and new treatments for it successfully lower esophageal sphincter pressure without requiring laparoscopic surgery. Heller myotomy, a laparoscopic operation in which the muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter are separated to give long-lasting reduction in esophageal sphincter pressure, is the primary surgical treatment for achalasia. Other effective therapies include Botox injection, which is not as long-lasting, and esophageal dilatation with big balloons, which has a high recurrence rate.
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