Similar to breathing, swallowing is a natural process that happens whether a person is awake or asleep, eating, drinking, or taking a huge gulp to muster some willpower. In order to get the food into the esophagus and avoid the windpipe, the initial swallow requires the coordination of several actions and muscles, the expert claims. The food next has to be moved to the stomach, which uses the muscles of the digestive system to push the food forward, after which the sphincter at the upper end of the esophagus must open. The lower esophageal sphincter should relax and enable food to enter into the stomach, but in persons with achalasia, this does not happen. The muscles that ordinarily flex to move the food along also do not. Achalasia has no known cure, however some drugs and surgery can assist. But today, achalasia may be successfully treated endoscopically using a technique called POEM (peroral endoscopic myotomy), which doesn't involve making any abdominal incisions. A small tube containing a camera and surgical tools known as an endoscope is introduced into the mouth of a patient while they are unconscious and under general anesthesia. The surgeon creates tiny incisions in the upper stomach and esophageal muscles when the endoscope reaches the lower esophagus to relax the muscles and let food to pass into the stomach.
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