Endoscopy is the direct insertion of a long, thin tube into the body to examine an internal organ in detail, such as the gastrointestinal tract. It can also be used by doctors for imaging, surgery, and other functions. Endoscopies are minimally invasive procedures that use bodily openings such as the mouth or anus. They can also be introduced through minor incisions, such as those in the knee or abdomen. Keyhole surgery is surgery that is performed through a small incision and is aided by sophisticated devices such as an endoscope. Capsule endoscopy, which uses a wireless camera, was invented in the mid-1990s. Because the camera is small enough to fit within a capsule (about the size of a vitamin tablet), it can be eaten. The capsule takes hundreds of photos as it goes through the digestive tract, which are then transferred to a gadget attached to a belt.
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